Athenian Women :: essays research papers

ATHENIAN WOMEN It is ridiculous to assume that the Athenian women of Ancient Greece were respected and revered by men. These women were not held in high regard. Men controlled all aspects of their lives, beginning with their fathers and continuing with their husbands once they married. Most girls were married in their very early teens to men that were usually much older (Xenophon’s Oeconomicus), sometimes as much as twice the age of their wives. The age difference was considered a moot point since women at that time often did not survive the rigors of repeated childbirth and died young. It was also generally believed that marrying a very young girl enabled the husbands to train her and mold her into a proper Athenian wife. Athenian women had almost no influence or power in Greek society and were not highly regarded until they could produce a male child (Socrates). The common belief at that time (in most Western societies) was that women were necessary to produce children. Women existed for the sake of procreation, to bear sons in order to continue the family name (Aristotle states that the man supplies the substance, the soul, i.e. the form for children, the woman provides only the nourishment), (Source: Generation of Animals). In Athenian society, extramarital affairs by husbands with women (and men) was the norm, and it indeed contributed to the image of a man’s prosperity if he had a mistress. Did the males in this society consider their wives praiseworthy? In my opinion the answer is no, since a wife who was the husband’s property and could be disciplined if she did not conform to the Athenian standards of wife. Athenian wives were judged in society by their frugality, ability to rais e sons, and their devotion and faithfulness to their husbands, (e.g., Penelope and Odysseus). A married woman caught in adultery would have been forced to abandon her home and children for the disgrace it would bring the family name, (Hunt, pg. 70). Men in ancient Athens (as in just about every Western civilization) had altered views of women. They saw women as being weak and dependent (Xenophon Oeconomicus), and because of the socioeconomic structure of the time, they were. Women in this society could, to some degree, assert power and influence in the home. The everyday life of the â€Å"ideal† Greek woman included child bearing and rearing, cleaning, both weaving cloth and making clothes, cooking and supervising slaves and other domestic tasks, (Xenophon, On Household Management).

Crane Hand Signals Speech Outline

Speaking Outline Topic:Crane hand signals for directing crane movement and common rigging procedures used with cranes on construction sites. Specific Purpose:To inform my audience of the need for crane hand signals and rigging procedures in order to safely operate a crane. Thesis:Everyone on site around the crane should know proper hand signals and rigging procedures to maintain a safe construction site. Introduction: 1. Cranes dangerous, Kent County Jail 2. Save a life? 3. OSHA Training [ (America, 1992) ]Transition: Who needs to communicate with a crane operator? And how do they do it? Body: 1. Rigger, Hand Signals Transition: What are the hand signals? Are they complicated? 2. Show rigger bring ball to load [ (SS Crane & Rigging, 2012) ]. Transition:How does he attach the load? 3. Show cinch and types of cinches. [ (America, 1992) ]. 4. Adjust cinch and show spreader bar [ (America, 1992) ] 5. Direct crane to operator [ (SS Crane & Rigging, 2012) ] 6. Place the load and direct bac k to rigger [ (BrassMeIn. com, 2012) ]Transition: These are the most common signals used; there is no way I could show you every signal there is. Conclusion: 1. Everyone on site around the crane should know these proper hand signals and rigging procedures to maintain a safe construction site. 2. The rigger should safely direct the operator to his load and then cinch it up. 3. A load should always be tested at a very low height before being transported. 4. The rigger then directs the operator to the laborer. 5. After the load is securely in place, the laborer directs the operator back to the rigger, and starts the process all over again. . Questions? Works Cited America, T. A. (Director). (1992). Controlling The Load: Crane Rigging Safety [Motion Picture]. BrassMeIn. com. (2012). Standard Hand Signals for Crane Operation. Retrieved October 10, 2012, from BrassMeIn. com: http://brassmein. com/tech/signals/hand. htm SS Crane & Rigging. (2012). Crane Hand Signals – Directing Cran e Movement. Retrieved October 10, 2012, from SS Crane & Rigging: http://www. sscrane. com/crane-hand-signals-directing-crane-movements/

The Protective Nature Towards Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

Throughout life every single person will be subject to multiple, different stressors; work, traumatic and in relationships, for example. For some, these stressors impose a negative impact upon that person which include cognitive, behavioural and physiological effects whereas for others, the same types of stressors do not cause the same impact. The reason for this is resilience, characterized by the ability to bounce back from negative emotional experiences and by flexible adaptation to the changing demands of stressful experiences (Fredrickson Tugade, 2004). There are several factors that influence people’s resilience to stress and knowledge of these factors improves the ability to improve people’s resilience. These factors include personality traits, optimism, Locus of Control, social support and finally, hardiness. Hardiness will be discussed in relation to its protective nature towards Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. As stated previously, there are differences between people in their resilience to stress. One factor influencing this is personality traits as they influence the cognitive processing of stressful events, the appraisal (Lyons, Rench, Riffle Schneider, 2011). Examining the Five Factor Model of Personality (Costa McCrae, 1985), low levels of neuroticism has been shown to heighten reactivity which affects how major and minor life stressors are perceived (Suls, 2001). Armeli, Cohen and Gunthert (1999) support this by finding that people high in neuroticismShow MoreRelatedSupport System For Post Traumatic Stress Disorder1549 Words   |  7 PagesSystem to Post Traumatic Stress disorder Patient in U. S. Debora Anderson Augusta Technical College Running head: SUPPORT SYSTEM TO POST TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER PATIENT IN U. S. 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